Leaders from the world's most powerful nations will gather in New Delhi for the G20 summit on September 9-10. The G20 consists of the 19 largest economies in the world, along with the European Union as a bloc. These countries are Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

According to the Ministry of External Affairs, these countries collectively represent 85% of the global gross domestic product, over 75% of global trade, and two-thirds of the world's population. In addition to the member countries, the G20 president invites guest countries to participate in the meetings and summit. This year, India has invited Bangladesh, Egypt, Mauritius, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Oman, Singapore, Spain, and the UAE as guest countries.

The G20 member states are home to over 4.9 billion people, with an average life expectancy of 78 years and a median age of 39, compared to the global average of 30. India and China together account for over 35% of the world's population, followed by the United States, Indonesia, and Australia, which has the smallest population among the G20 countries.

The G20 represents approximately 85% of global GDP, with India having the highest average GDP growth rate at 6.1% for the years 2023 to 2026, followed by China at 4.4% and Turkey at 3%.

India's bilateral trade with G20 countries in the financial year 2022-23 shows that the US is India's largest trade partner among the G20 countries, with $129 billion in merchandise trade and a trade surplus of $27.7 billion. China, Saudi Arabia, and Russia are also significant trade partners, along with the EU, which has a total merchandise trade of $135.9 billion with India.

The G20 has no headquarters, and the presidency rotates among its members. The previous summit took place in Indonesia, and India will pass on the presidency to Brazil in December.